荔浦市岩质崩塌形成条件及失稳运动特征

通过对荔浦市境内碳酸盐岩区岩质崩塌及该区域地质环境条件的调查,总结了岩质崩塌的规模、发育高度、控制结构面等发育特征,分析了岩质崩塌形成条件,并判断岩质崩塌的失稳运动特征。本文以一处危岩为例,用无人机进行三维扫描并分析其形成原因及预测其失稳运动特征。     

矿用无人卡车国内外研究现状及关键技术

分析了国内外露天矿山用卡车无人驾驶技术发展现状,详细介绍了露天矿山卡车无人驾驶关键技术;通过分析对比前装线控和后装线控两种技术路线的优缺点以及超声波雷达、毫米波雷达、激光雷达、4D光场智能感知系统、红外传感器、视觉传感器等环境感知技术的优缺点;提出多传感器高度融合将是露天矿山卡车实现全天候环境感知的发展方向。通过分析对比惯性导航系统、GNSS差分定位技术、车联网定位技术、电子地图定位技术、视觉传感器等定位导航技术的差异,指出多定位技术融合是露天矿山无人驾驶卡车定位方式的必然选择。结合露天煤矿的生产实际,提出将现有的无人驾驶各种技术算法与露天矿山标准作业流程有机融合是实现卡车无人驾驶的必由之路。最后指出无人驾驶卡车应用5G技术是露天矿山安全生产的关键和核心,是无人驾驶的必备技术。     

适应于自动驾驶的计算结构与平台综述

信息与通信技术领域的不断发展,推动了自动驾驶汽车的巨大进步。自动驾驶汽车有效解决了用户对出行日益提高的安全、便捷、舒适、高效等个性化需求,有着巨大的商业前景和应用价值。首先从自动驾驶的定义出发,对自动驾驶汽车计算任务进行了分类总结,阐述了自动驾驶汽车集移动端、边缘节点和云端一体的计算结构。然后分类讨论了目前自动驾驶汽车移动端计算平台,呈现出异构多核的特点,并对当前主流的底层计算平台进行了对比分析。最后,从性能与成本和信息安全两个方面总结目前自动驾驶汽车计算结构和平台遇到的问题与挑战。     

同频段混合信号中的无人机信号盲检测识别

无人机信号的探测识别技术是应对无人机黑飞滥用的关键技术之一。在实际信号监测环境中，经常会接收到多个信号的混合信号，它们在时域和频域上混叠且各信号分量调制样式相同。为解决在同频段混合信号中检测识别出无人机信号的问题，提出了一种通过谱特征分析判断无人机信号存在性的方法。分别采用基于二次方谱特征的无人机图传和WiFi混合信号检测识别算法以及基于频谱带宽特征的多无人机混合信号检测识别算法，通过对射频电路采集的信号进行仿真验证，实现了从同频段混合信号中检测识别出无人机信号分量。理论分析和实验测试结果证实了所提检测识别算法的有效性。     

Cooperative path planning with priority target assignment and collision avoidance guidance for rescue unmanned surface vehicles in a complex ocean environment

In this paper, a novel cooperative path planning scheme of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for rescuing targets in a complex ocean environment is proposed. The primary objective of the rescue USVs is to bring all targets back safely on the premise of first rescuing priority targets, while optimizing the path length, the navigation time and the angular energy. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The proposed K-means-division (KMD) algorithm is able to identify a complex ocean environment with collision-free zone and static-obstacles zone; (2) The proposed path planning method with fast-marching-method-based ellipse guidance range (E-FMM) is able to optimize the angular energy while ensuring safety; (3) The proposed cooperative management system (including priority-target-assignment (PTA) with reward-mechanism genetic-optimization (RM-GO) and collision-avoidance (CA) guidance law with Tangent-based surge-varying wave-disturbances-observer (Tangent-SV-WDO)) can accomplish the mission of the rescue USVs. Comparative studies with the state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that the proposed cooperative path planning scheme is superior in terms of priority-target-assignment (PTA) and collision-avoidance (CA) of the actual rescue work.     

面向航拍图像中工程车辆检测与识别的改进胶囊网络

目的 利用无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)巡检识别航拍图像中的工程车辆对于减少电力安全事故的发生具有重要意义。采用人工提取特征的经典模式识别方法或YOLOv5(you only look once v5)等深度学习算法识别无人机电力巡检航拍图像中的工程车辆,存在识别准确率低、模型参数规模大等问题。针对上述问题,提出一种改进的胶囊网络识别航拍图像中的工程车辆。方法 采用多层密集连接型方法改进原始胶囊网络结构,以提取图像中工程车辆更多的特征;改进了胶囊网络的动态路由方法,以提高胶囊网络的抗干扰能力;探索了网络层数和动态路由算法中关键参数对识别准确率的影响,以找到识别准确率最高时的参数。结果 实验结果表明：1)在所采用的算法模型中,本文方法的平均识别率(mean average precision,mAP)达到94.56%,明显高于其他方法。2)网络层数对识别准确率有很大影响,但二者之间并非单调线性关系。在本文的应用场景中,5层胶囊网络的识别准确率最高;此外,动态路由算法改进与否并不会影响识别准确率跟随网络层数的变化趋势。3)胶囊网络层数增加会降低识别效率,但是并不会明显增加参数规模,且参数规模与mAP无明显关联。结论 本文方法在获得较高识别准确率的同时具有参数规模较小的特点,为无人机在机载端识别目标物奠定了基础。     

Removing low ppb level perchlorate, RDX, and HMX from groundwater with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) pre-loaded activated carbon

Perchlorate contaminates vast amounts of groundwater throughout the United States which could potentially be used as potable water. Activated carbon pre-loaded with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride has been shown in this research to be an effective adsorbent for removing perchlorate from three low conductivity (50-66 microS/cm) groundwaters containing perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) concentrations of 0.85, 1.0, and 5.6 parts per billion (ppb), respectively. In rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs), the virgin granular activated carbon (GAC) (used as a control) treated between 20,000 and 40,000 bed volumes (BV) of water. In contrast, the activated carbon that was pre-loaded with CTAC processed 170,000-270,000 BV before perchlorate was detected above 0.25 ppb in the effluent. Though this pre-loading significantly increased the capacity for perchlorate, it also diminished the GAC's capacity to remove organics. The groundwater containing 1 ppb ClO(4)(-) also contained the nitro-organics HMX (0.6 ppb) and RDX (5.5-6.6 ppb). RDX was detected in the effluent from the CTAC-pre-loaded bed after only 8000 BV had been processed whereas 308,000 BV could be processed through the virgin bed before RDX was detected. Likewise, HMX breakthrough was observed after 116,000 BV in the CTAC-pre-loaded bed while the virgin RSSCT exhibited no breakthrough of HMX during a test that was operated for 309,000 BV. However, by combining a CTAC-pre-loaded bed followed by a virgin GAC bed in series, both perchlorate and RDX could be removed for the same length of time.     

基于SVR-PF的无人机电池健康状态诊断研究

针对无人机锂离子电池健康状态诊断问题,提出一种基于支持向量回归机粒子滤波(SVR-PF)的电池健康状态诊断方法。根据锂离子电池阻抗衰退机理与阻抗和容量的相关性,定义电池健康状态变量;建立阻抗衰退模型及电池容量-阻抗关系模型,并分别对两个参数进行辨识;利用辨识得到的电池健康状态变量,为无人机电池的健康状态诊断提供了一种可行手段。     

气动干扰下的Hex-Rotor无人飞行器控制器及其飞行实验

分析了气流扰动、翼间干扰等因素对飞行中的无人飞行器的控制精度和效果产生的影响,并给出了相应的解决方法。建立了Hex-Rotor飞行器的动力学模型,分析了升力因子不确定性导致飞行器控制效果下降的影响因素。设计了反演滑模控制器来控制飞行器的空间六自由度运动,同时考虑升力因子的不确定性采用超螺旋非线性观测器观测各个旋翼的升力因子来克服气动干扰的影响。通过原型机验证了提出的方法,结果显示:Hex-Rotor飞行器在气动干扰较大的外部环境中飞行时,水平位移跟踪误差不超过±4.5m,高度误差不超过±2.5m,姿态角度误差保持在±2°内,较大地增强了飞行器的抗扰能力。结果表明:采用本文的方法可以有效地估计各个旋翼的升力因子,从而提高Hex-Rotor飞行器的控制精度和效果。     

无人机电动收放作动筒余度设计与可靠性分析

通过对电动收放作动筒的可靠性分析,找出其薄弱环节,提出一种实现针对可靠性与安全性电动收放作动筒余度设计。对余度电动收放作动筒进行可靠性评估,提出电动收放作动筒可靠性函数模型,并对其进行可靠性的预计与分配,同时针对余度作动筒进行故障树的绘制以及故障树定性定量分析。针对可靠性分析结果,提出电动收放作动筒进一步优化的措施,并通过可靠性对比表明电动收放作动筒可靠性满足航空标准,基于安全性与可靠性的余度设计与可靠性分析原理方法切实可行,具有工程应用价值。